Economic Growth of the Coca-Cola Company - 1040 Words

The Coca-Cola Company experienced a 2.99% drop in growth from 2008 to 2009. The economic growth rate of the country was an 8.9% decline. Despite the drop, Coca-Cola fared better than the overall economy. From 2009 to 2010, sales rebounded with a growth rate of 13.32%. This was much higher than the economic growth rate in the U.S. of 3.8%. The year from 2010 to 2011 was exceptional with a 32.53% growth rate. The United States economic growth rate was 2.3% by comparison. The growth can be largely attributed to the launch of new products in overseas markets. In Peru, Coca-Cola launched a successful line of juice nectar beverages called Frugos Sabores Caseros.  ¹ In South America, the company introduced many new products including: Burn, Valle Limon, Nada, and Powerade ION4. ¹ In the United States, 19 new beverages were released under the Coca-Cola Freestyle line of drinks. ¹ Having an international presence helps Coca-Cola remain profitable even when the U.S. economy is weak. The Coca-Cola Companys main competitor is Pepsi Co, which is performing well financially. In February of 2012, Pepsi Co announced higher than expected fourth quarter 2011 revenues. They reported $20.16 billion in revenue for the quarter and earnings per share of $1.15. ² On March 1, 2012, Pepsi Co. CEO John Compton shared his plan for continued growth. Pepsi Co. plans to focus on the snack food market. They plan to add Hispanic flavors to their Stax potato chips brand and introduce snacks made withShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Challanges Faced by the Coca-Cola Company1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Coca-Cola Company distributing the Coca-Cola product has faced many macroeconomic variables that indicate trends in the economy. A reduction in consumer confidence in the United States, resulting in lower product sales, has been offset by rising sales in overseas markets. Coca-Cola has combated problems such as unemployment, global warming, and rising interest rates. The Coca-Cola Comp any looks to new programs to encourage employment, additional ways to provide water for their product, andRead MoreEssay about The Coca-Cola Company1076 Words   |  5 PagesIndustry General Description The Coca-Cola Company - American multinational corporation operates in a nonalcoholic segment of Beverage Industry. The history of the industry goes back to the 17th century, when the first marketed soft drink came to the Western Market. The Beverage Industry product portfolio consists of soft drinks, carbonated beverages, and alcoholic beverages. Kinds of drinks in a non-alcoholic segment varies a lot and includes such beverages as tea, coffee, juices, carbonated drinksRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Coca Cola1295 Words   |  6 Pagescompany also partnered with a multitude of artists, celebrities, athletes, and organizations in various marketing campaigns to promote their products (â€Å"125 years,† 2011). Coca-Cola’s branding, marketing, and well-known products have propelled the company to over a century of success. Domestic and International Operations Today, The Coca-Cola Company is the largest soft drink maker in the world with ownership or licensing rights for over 500 non-alcoholic beverage brands (Bailey, 2014). Of theRead MoreEvolution And Growth Of Coca Cola1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is mainly to analyze the gradual growth and evolution of a multinational cooperation called Coca-Cola, referring with Chandler, Langlois and Jones’ theories. The second-emphasis of this essay is to discuss the extent of the relative relationship between the MNCs’ structure and theirs strategy over 20th century. This essay will be performed in three parts, each tilting with ‘Evolution and Growth of Coca-Cola’ ; ‘20th century Multinational-Business’s Structure and Strategy’Read MoreThe Federal Reserve Bank, And The Coca Cola Company1683 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations of the monetary policy set forth by the United States Federal Reserve Bank, and the Coca-Cola Bottling Company is no exception. The Coca-Cola corporation is affected by all aspects of the Federal Reserve and therefore as a corporation conducting business in the US, we must pay particular attention to the discount rate, the reserve ratio requirement, and the open market operations. Therefor Coca-Cola marketing and operation leadership focuses particularly on the production volatility by maintainingRead MoreCoca Cola Comprehensive Marketing Plan930 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: COCA-COLA COMPREHENSIVE MARKETING PLAN 1 COCA-COLA COMPREHENSIVE MARKETING PLAN 2 Coca-Cola Comprehensive Marketing Plan Hieu Le Columbia Southern University Coca-Cola Comprehensive Marketing Plan Industry Analysis Coca- Cola is a world largest soft drinks company, which holds approximate 62 percent of the market share. The firm owns most popular brands like Coke, Sprite, Dr. Pepper, and Fants. Additionally, Coca-Cola has added other exotic brands include Powerade and DasaniRead Morecoca cola969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Coca Cola company is a long standing producer of flavored drinks. They are considered by many to be the original cola drink. The drink was created in 1886 by a pharmacist named John Pemberton. Coca-cola is sold today in over 200 countries and has over 500 brands. The company has sustainability measures in place and believes in philanthropic endeavors. The company offers internships to up-and-coming business students looking for an opportunity to work with one of the largest and most storied companiesRead MoreThe Role Of External Environment On The Business Environment1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe business. These internal factors that are controllable by the company can be al tered or modified to meet the company’s needs. The beverage company that has had a major impact in the world has been the Coca-Cola company. We will examine this company external and internal factors. History Coca-Cola is one most preferred and popular brand in the beverage industry. The Coca-Cola organization acts as the world’s biggest public companies in the United States. It is a manufacturer of nonalcoholic beveragesRead MoreCoca Cola - Growth, Employment, Business Cycle and Inflation1324 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Fiscal Policy affects The Coca-Cola Company as it does many other businesses. The four components of Fiscal Policy are employment, growth, business cycle and inflation. The following discusses the different aspects of Fiscal Policy as related to The Coca-Cola Company. Employment One of the Coca-Cola Company’s strongest strengths lies in its ability to conduct business on a global scale while maintaining a local approach, one of the most intelligent strategies thought up by theRead MoreCoca Cola - Growth, Employment, Business Cycle And Inflation Essays1224 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Fiscal Policy affects The Coca-Cola Company as it does many other businesses. The four components of Fiscal Policy are employment, growth, business cycle and inflation. The following discusses the different aspects of Fiscal Policy as related to The Coca-Cola Company. Employment One of the Coca-Cola Company’s strongest strengths lies in its ability to conduct business on a global scale while maintaining a local approach, one of the most intelligent strategies thought up by the

A Girl Walks Home Alone At Night - 1735 Words

A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night is a 2014 Persian horror movie. This film is about a man named Arash who is one of the protagonists. He is a hardworking boy who looks after his father. The father, Hossein, is a heroine addict and is old in age. Both Arash and his father are being bothered and harassed by a drug dealer. The drug dealer, Saeed, gambles and steals from Arash’s family by taking his beloved car in exchange for Hossein owing him money that he is yet to pay back. His actions must have rubbed off onto Arash because Arash soon later steals precious earrings from this lady that he was working for. Later that same night, Hossein comes across a mysterious lady dressed in all black. He takes her to his place thinking that they will have sex. But, the mysterious lady grows fangs and sucks on Hossein’s neck; killing him. The mysterious lady’s name is never revealed but she is a vampire who kills men that mistreats or belittles women. Although, she comes across Arash, she sees vulnerability in him and he seems different than all the other men that she has come across. They become close throughout the movie, as the mysterious woman is starting to fall in love with Arash. We know this because she had multiple chances in killing him but she resists and does not. Meanwhile, the mysterious lady kills Arash’s father. Although, she does not know he is Arash’s father, she killed him for another reason. Hossein attempts to rape the prostitute by injecting her with heroin. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Girl Walks Home Alone At Night Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe film ‘A Girl Walks Home Alone At Night’, director Ana Lily Amirpour, is a mixture of genres such as the Spaghetti Western, the teenage romance, and the vampire genre. The clash of genres in this film brings out the idea of hybridity and duality, with the sounds and cinematography creating a sense of ambiguity, or the ‘in-between’. The under lying mix brings out a sense of horror for the overall feel of the film as it leaves audiences with a sense of fear and realisation that not everything isRead MoreSlumdog Millionaire Theme Symbolism1364 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the setting of Slumdog Millionaire by Danny Boyle and A Girl Walks Home Alone At Night by Ana Lily Amirpour are different, they both use the plot structure and symbolism to present the common theme: the destiny, which can be shaped by choices and actions. The life story of the protagonist Jamal Malik in Slumdog Millionaire is built through the game show â€Å"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?† and a series of his flashbacks revealing how his life experiences gave him the right answers to everyRead MoreTomahl Cook vs Nj1075 Words   |  5 Pagesit at night how it could be an eerie place to be walking alone. As to why Katrina s friend Katherine and her parents let her walk home alone, baffles me to this point. The walk from Katherine’s house to Katrina’s apartment was a pretty far distance. When I drove by car from house to house, it took me approximately fifteen minutes. A fifteen minute car drive is about a fourty-five minute walk. Katherine’s parents should have never let Katrina out of the house at night to do that walk alone. KatrinaRead MoreAli Bab A Great Leader1396 Words   |  6 Pages When Ali Baba was fifteen years old, his parents were killed in an accident leaving the two siblings alone. Since the loss of their parents, Ali Baba and Luci have been in and out of foster homes never feeling a sense of belonging. Fortunately a distant uncle named Baj who lived far away got news of their misfortune and took them into his home. Uncle Baj did the best he could to provide a home for the two of them. Since Luci was so young, Ali Baba took great care of Lucy as if she were his ownRead MoreI Am Happy At The Bus Stop Downtown Santa Fe883 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s cold, alone, with headphones in my ears, I see and feel the breeze dance with my music picking up the wind and hugging me, it gives me a sense of belonging, joy and appreciation. Looking at the light reflecting from the sun onto my surroundings it always gave me that feeling growing up. I’m friendly happy today. I’m standing at the bus stop downtown, santa fe. I am not waiting for a bus. I am working with the wind to escape the breeze killing the flame from my lighter, I’m trying to combustRead Mor e A Clean, Well-lighted Place Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pagesit provides him against the dark night. He stays late into the night, and sits In the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. The old man is deaf and finds comfort in the difference he feels inside the quiet cafà ©. The old man struggles with old age and the feeling of nothingness which is representative of the darkness outside of the cafà ©. The well-lit cafà © represents order and cleanliness. Outside in the dark, a young soldier and a girl hurry along the streets. ApparentlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Short Story Up Of A Michigan By Ernest Hemingway1447 Words   |  6 Pages In the short story, â€Å"Up in Michigan†, written by Ernest Hemingway. This story takes place in Hortons Bay in Michigan. It revolves around a girl named Liz Coates and Jim Gilmore and the events leading up to the two having sex. Liz was a shy girl who loved and adored Jim, but kept that a secret to herself. Jim no ticed little things about Liz yet from the Third Person Omniscient we are only giving us glimpse of Jim’s mind every once in a while, so we do not always know Jim’s intentions. The majorityRead MoreJournal Entry: Jamie994 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s the night before the first day of high school. At 1:00AM, Jamie still nervously lies awake on her bed, while thinking about her new chapter in life. Middle school wasn’t the best experience for her, as she was bullied for being â€Å"overweight† and being a nerd. Neither boys nor girls liked her for the way she was. Jamie couldn’t wait for high school to start so she could never see them again. During the summer, Jamie spent most of her time alone at home as her parents both worked long hours. HerRead MoreHow Women Can Lose Weight1689 Words   |  7 Pagesthat much more. I try not to let it get to me, but seeing those women on the covers of magazines makes me feel self conscious. How do they do it, and why can’t I look like that? I wish I could have that Victoria’s Secret body that guys love and every girl wishes she had. I sigh and grab my plastic bag from the countertop and head out the door. . . . . . . . . Dad bods are so in. Its all over social media, pictures of men galloping on the beach with less than toned abs. People love the trend of dadRead MoreTo Love or Not Love900 Words   |  4 Pages To Love or Not Love Was it love or infatuation? The tears wouldnt stop flowing and the trip home is taking forever! Rachel is no spring chicken but the years have been kind to her. She has the body of an athlete and the face of a model. Rachel Lewis is a 44 year old mocha colored single mother of two beautiful daughters, Megan and Anna. She works as a department store manager for the local store, Top Sport’s Apparel. For 10 years, Rachel’s

The Truth of Obama Care Free Essays

Obama care 1 The Truth of â€Å"Obama Care† American National Government/ POL201 Nicole Emery Instructor: David Williams Obama Care 2 The Truth of â€Å"Obama care† Obama Care is the unofficial name for The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which was signed into law on March 23, 2010. In a more general sense Obama Care and the Health Care for America Plan or any such name is a reference to the ongoing health care reform under President Obama. (http://obamacarefacts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Truth of Obama Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/whatis-obamacare. php) The ACA is landmark legislation designed to increase access to health care coverage for millions of Americans. Wizemann,2011) This legislation represents one of the largest and most comprehensive reforms to the American health care system since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The ACA seeks to extend coverage to roughly 50 million uninsured Americans, slowing down the growth in the cost of health care, and improving the quality of care health care by changing the delivery system. ( Some people who oppose the Act are concerned that it gives the Federal government too much control over personal health care decisions and benefits, forcing a complex one-size-fits-all health system onto the states. Some people who are in favor of the Act want lower health care costs overall by making it affordable for more people. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 significantly changed health care in the U. S. , making insurance available to 32 million more Americans — a total of 95% of the legal population. The Act, is being phased in over four years. By 2014, every citizen will be required to have health insurance, or face a penalty. However, they can choose how to get coverage. If they already have a plan, either through their employers, Medicaid, Medicare, or privately, they can keep it. Those who can’t currently get health insurance will have additional options. They can purchase it from a state-based health insurance exchange (and possibly get subsidy) or they may be eligible under expanded Medicare guidelines. Obama Care 3 The program is originally designed to add to the federal budget $930 billion dollars. The act was designed to offset the budget by lowering payments to hospitals, Increasing Medicare taxes on higher income households, assessing penalties on employers who don’t offer, and individuals who don’t take, health care insurance, assessing taxes on various health related activities, and reducing overhead by consolidating the higher education loan program with the Pell Grant program. Although there has been tremendous opposition before; during and after its becoming law, the Supreme Court ruled it was constitutional that all U. S. citizens must purchase health care insurance from a private carrier, or pay a penalty, is for the right for congress to impose a tax. Even with our house of representatives trying numerous times to repeal the law and still keeps getting over ruled. The opposition has been so great that many Americans think the law has already been repealed. I am sure you are asking yourself what does this mean, when does this come to affect and how does this affect you? Here are the changes that happened in 2010. Medicare beneficiaries who fell into the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug â€Å"donut hole† received a $250 rebate. They received a 50% discount on brand name drugs in 2011 and the doughnut hole are eliminated in 2020. Children were allowed to stay on their parents’ health insurance until they turn 26. New private plans were required to cover preventive services with no co-payments, and they are exempt from deductibles. Consumers who applied to new plans have access to an external appeals process if coverage is denied. Insurance ompanies were prohibited from dropping coverage if someone got really sick. They couldn’t create lifetime coverage limits. They could no longer deny coverage to children with pre-existing conditions. The same will apply to adults in 2014. Until then, adults with pre-existing conditions who have been denied coverage will get access to temporary health insurance coverage until the exchanges is set up. These are the changes that happened in 2011Medicare-covered preventative services were Obama Care 4 xempted from deductibles and the co-pay was eliminated. Insurance companies must prove they spent at least 80% of the premium payments on medical services, rather than on things like advertising and executive salaries. Those that didn’t were required to provide rebates to policyholders. States were funded to require health insurance companies to submit justification for all rate hikes. Funds were expanded to increase the number of doctors and nurses, and more community health centers — enough to double the number of patients they can treat in the next five years. These are future changes to look forward to. Medical expenses must be at least 10% of income before they are deductible for those under 65. Manufacturers and importers of medical devices will pay a 2. 3% excise tax. Federal funds will increase to allow Medicaid to offer free preventive services, and to extend CHIP for an additional two years. The Federal government will fund states to pay primary care physicians 100% of the Medicare fee. Medicare will start a pilot program to encourage hospitals to bundle services before submitting for payment. Additional taxes will be paid by the 1 million people who make more than $200,000 and the 4 million couples filing jointly who make more than $250,000. Specifically, they would pay 3. 8% Medicare taxes on dividends, capital gains, rent and royalties and 2. 35% (up from 1. 45%) Medicare taxes on income. In 2014, the state-run health exchanges will be set up. Medicaid eligibility will be expanded to include those with incomes up to 133% of the Federal poverty line ($29,000 for a family of four). New subsidies will become available for with incomes up to 400% of the poverty level ($88,000 for a family of four). Those who don’t purchase insurance will be assessed penalties: 2014 – The greater of $95 or 1% of income. 2015 – $325 or 2% of income. 2016 – $695 or 2. 5% of income. Businesses with 50+ workers must pay $2,000 per worker (except for the first 20) if they don’t offer health insurance. Those that do receive a tax credit of 50% of the premium cost. (Donmoyer, 2012 ) Obama Care 5 References: Wizemann, Theresa. Health Literacy Implications for Health Care Reform: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press, 2011. p 5. http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/Doc? id=10488622;ppg=19 Copyright  © 2011. National Academies Press. All rights reserved. http://obamacarefacts. com/whatis-obamacare. php The Affordable Care Act Turns Two,Lee Goldberg, Sabiha Zainulbhai, http://www. nasi. org/discuss/2012/03/affordable-care-act-turns-two? gclid=CLOuyv-9vrICFURxQgod3TwALA March 2012 HealthReform. gov, Ryan Donmoyer, â€Å"New Health Care Taxes,† Bloomberg, March 22, 2010) Article How to cite The Truth of Obama Care, Essay examples

Research Project on Cracks and Repairs

Question: Discuss about the Research Project on Cracks and Repairs. Answer: Introduction: Research Background: Cracks in any type of construction are a common problem faced by the engineers associated with the construction works. A building component creates cracks when the stress given on the component exceeds the strength of its. The cracks of the buildings can be classified into two types; they are structural cracks and non-structural cracks. The categorization of the cracks is based on the types of the cause of those. In order to prevent the buildings for the cracks several precautions can be taken at the time of developing the constructions. However, still the civil engineers are facing some serious issues in the area of the cracks on the buildings. Different types of techniques are available for preventing the construction sites form the cracks and repairing the cracks if appeared after construction. In order to perform the crack repairing operation several advance technologies are available in the area of the construction engineering. The current research study will give focus in the area of the different types of cracks and the prevention and repairing techniques that can be applied in the field of the civil engineering. In the research study, it will be analyzed that whether the traditional approaches are good enough or the advance innovative techniques are better for repairing the cracks of the constructions projects. Research Aim and Objectives: The main aim of this particular research study is to find out the different types of techniques in the area of the crack repairing in the area of the construction engineering. In order to conduct the whole research study with this particular aim the researcher will follow these objectives: To understand the various types of reasons behind the cracks To understand the different types of techniques available for repairing the cracks To understand the efficiency of the different techniques of cracks repairing at the present time Research Questions: The research objectives of his research study are converted into some questions. In the whole research study the researcher will try to find out the answers of these research questions: 1. What are the main reasons behind the cracks of the buildings? 2. What are the various types of techniques are available for cracks repairing? 3. How effective are the techniques of the cracks repairing in the context of the present world constructions? Structure of the research study: The research paper of this research study will be divided into five chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction The first chapter the research paper will be about the background of the research, research aim, objectives, questions and the structure of the research project. Chapter 2: Literature Review Pervious research papers and journals will be reviewed in this section for understanding the basic factors of the cracks and repairs. In this sections the opinions of the previous researchers in this area will be studied and analyzed for the further progress of the research project. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The method of conducting the research study will be discussed in this chapter. Available research methods and the justification of selecting one will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4: Data Collection and Analysis The secondary data of the research study will be collected and analyzed in this chapter of the research paper. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation The results of the data collection of the research project will be compared with the findings of the literature review. The objectives of the research study will be checked for understanding whether those are achieved or not. After that the final conclusion and recommendations of the research project will be drawn in this final chapter of the research paper. Literature Review: Hill (2015) has classified the cracks into two categories; they are: structural cracks and non structural cracks. The reason behind the two types of the cracks are different, the structural cracks are developed due to the faults in the construction mainly. Overloading is another major reason of the structural cracks. On the other hand the non structural cracks are developed for the internal induces. Dexter and Ocel (2013) categorized the cracks of the buildings into three categories. They are: thin cracks, medium cracks and wide cracks based on the width of the cracks. Chu et al. (2014) identified the moisture movement as a major reason of the cracks of the construction sites. The elements of the construction sites cannot resist the changes of the moisture level of the environment and the cracks developed. As per the opinion of Aggelopoulos, Righiniotis and Chryssanthopoulos (2014), the thermal movement of the environment is also a major reason of the cracks in the buildings. Due to the different types of the atmospheric temperature, the components of the construction projects cannot resist and the cracks are developed. As per Rodriguez?Sanchez et al. (2014), the traditional approach of repairing the cracks is the crack stitching method. In this method, the cracks are cleaned and then raked at first. Then cement sand and lime sands are used to fill the raked cracks. The approach is divided into 7 steps. The first step is cleaning the crack area. In the second step, the cracks are raked safely without creating major damage to the area. In the next step, the joints are cleaned and then the dusts are removed with wire brush. After the cleaning the raked joints are filled with 1:6 cement and 1:3 lime sand mortar. Then minimum 7 days water sprinkling is required for making the joint hard. According to Hattori, Hanji and Tateishi (2015), an innovative way of rectifying the cracks is the use of bacteria for cracks repairing. Three organic compounds are used for the crack repairing purposes. These are calcium glutamate, calcium lactate and peptone. These are used as bio-mineral precursor compound in the concretes of the constructions projects. The bacteria or the organic compounds are as a healing element for the cracks in the concretes (Laverty et al. 2015). At the point when the solid is blended with microorganisms (bacillus subtilus), the microscopic organisms go into a lethargic express, a considerable measure like seeds. Every one of the microscopic organisms need is presentation to the air to enact their capacities. Any breaks that ought to happen give the fundamental presentation. At the point when the splits shape, microscopic organisms nearness to the break, begins hastening calcite gems. At the point when a solid structure is harmed and water begins to leak thr ough the splits that show up in the solid, the spores of the microbes grow on contact with the water and supplements (Fakharifar et al. 2016). The limestone cements on the split surface, along these lines fixing it up. Oxygen is a crucial component during the time spent consumption of steel and when the bacterial action has devoured it all it expands the toughness of steel fortified solid developments (Murray and Clare 2012). As per Seref?Ferlengez et al. (2014), the traditional approach of the cracks repairing can be performed by applying the cement-bound mortal through a spatula. Cracks can also be repaired by using CaCO3 related bacteria. Self-mending cement ought to have the capacity to recuperate or seal, by filler material development, naturally framed breaks to restrain entrance of water and different chemicals which could bring about preparatory corruption of the material lattice or inserted fortification. In this study we examined the bio-mineral creation limit of concrete stone example in which microscopic organisms were joined as recuperating specialist (Klimpel et al. 2014). The incorporated microscopic organisms connected in this study are subsidiary to soluble base safe spore-framing types of the variety Bacillus. Microscopic organisms of this gathering, and especially their thick-walled spores, were already appeared to have the capacity to survive bond stone fuse. Dexter and Ocel (2013) men tioned this strategy as an eco-friendly method. The self healing abilities provide more durability to the elements of the construction projects. Research Methodology: In order to conduct a research study, it is vital to choose a proper research methodology for conducting the different types of activities required for the research study. It is about to select the philosophy of the research study, method of designing the whole research work, method of collecting the data and analyzing the data for fulfilling the objectives of the research work (Klassen et al. 2012). The current research work will be conducted by following the positivism research philosophy and descriptive design. This will be qualitative data regarding the different types of available approaches in the area cracks and repairs. The whole research work will be conducted by gathering the secondary data. Therefore, it will be qualitative secondary research study. The chosen philosophy of the research study will be the realism philosophy (Harrison, R. L. and Reilly 2011). A systematic research approach will be followed by the researcher for concluding the research study by fulfilling the objectives of the study. The research approach of the study is the inductive research approach and descriptive design will be used for the research work. All the methods are chosen as these are the most superior ones on the basis of the present research work. The data will be mostly collected from the research papers or journal articles written and published by previous researchers (Mitchell and Jolley 2013). The data sources that will be used for this purpose are the online library and other authentic web sources. Many research works have been conducted in the area of the cracks repairing in the area of the engineering studies (Harrison and Reilly 2011). Therefore, these research papers will be used for gathering the information of the different types of approaches in this area and the efficiency of the each of the approaches. Ethical Considerations: In order to conduct the research study, the researcher needs to maintain some ethical aspects of the academic research work. The Data protection Act, 1998 needs to be maintained through the research study (Eaton 2013). The data that needs to be used for the research study should be kept secret and use for only the academic purposes only. Research Schedule: Week Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Initial research activities Research topic selection Research objectives selection Literature review Methodology selection Secondary Data Collection Data analysis Conclusion and Recommendations Submission References: Aggelopoulos, E.S., Righiniotis, T.D. and Chryssanthopoulos, M.K., 2014. Composite patch repair of steel plates with fatigue cracks growing in the thickness direction.Composite Structures,108, pp.729-735. Chu, H., Jiang, L., Xiong, C., You, L. and Xu, N., 2014. Use of electrochemical method for repair of concrete cracks.Construction and Building Materials,73, pp.58-66. Dexter, R.J. and Ocel, J.M., 2013.Manual for repair and retrofit of fatigue cracks in steel bridges(No. FHWA-IF-13-020). Eaton, S. 2013. The Oxford handbook of empirical legal research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(6), pp.548-550. Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Wu, C., Shamsabadi, A., ElGawady, M.A. and Dalvand, A., 2016. Rapid repair of earthquake-damaged RC columns with prestressed steel jackets.Journal of Bridge Engineering,21(4), p.04015075. Harrison, R. L. and Reilly, T. M. 2011 "Mixed methods designs in marketing research", Qualitative Market Research: an International Journal, 14(1), pp. 7 26 Hattori, M., Hanji, T. and Tateishi, K., 2015, May. Simple Repair Method for Fatigue Cracks in Welded Joints by Resin Injection. InIABSE Symposium Report(Vol. 104, No. 8, pp. 1-7). International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Hill, D., 2015. Self-healing concrete uses bacteria to repair cracks.Civil Engineering Magazine Archive,85(7), pp.44-45. Klassen, A., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V., Smith, K. and Meissner, H. 2012. Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Qual Life Res, 21(3), pp.377-380. Klimpel, A., Janicki, D., Lisiecki, A., Wilk, Z., Burda, M. and Klimpel, A.S., 2014. Repair welding of cracks in engine turbine jet apparatus ring using high-power diode laser.Welding International,28(6), pp.441-445. Laverty, S., Lacourt, M., Gao, C., Henderson, J.E. and Boyde, A., 2015. High density infill in cracks and protrusions from the articular calcified cartilage in osteoarthritis in Standardbred horse carpal bones.International journal of molecular sciences,16(5), pp.9600-9611. Mitchell, M. and Jolley, J. 2013. Research design explained. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Murray, J.W. and Clare, A.T., 2012. Repair of EDM induced surface cracks by pulsed electron beam irradiation.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,212(12), pp.2642-2651. Rodriguez?Sanchez, J.E., Perez?Guerrero, F., Liu, S., Rodriguez?Castellanos, A. and Albiter?Hernandez, A., 2014. Underwater repair of fatigue cracks by gas tungsten arc welding process.Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials Structures,37(6), pp.637-644. Seref?Ferlengez, Z., Basta?Pljakic, J., Kennedy, O.D., Philemon, C.J. and Schaffler, M.B., 2014. Structural and mechanical repair of diffuse damage in cortical bone in vivo.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,29(12), pp.2537-2544.

Renaissance Essays (587 words) - Rhyme, Sonnet, The Faerie Queene

Renaissance When the Renaissance crept into the worlds social senses people were moved. However, when the Renaissance began to affect the literature of the sixteenth century, the world was changed forever. The Renaissance, meaning a re-birth, was a time of many changes. These changes wrought pandemonium among the civilized people of earth. There was a recovery and discovery of medieval texts in which scholars were deeply impressed by. Those in love with the arts and literature now had more choices to view and read. There was an outpour of those individuals attempting to create paintings that exemplified the feelings that saturated the minds of the brilliant scholars. Most importantly, however, was the huge change of the role of the church in everything. Martin Luther nailed up his 95 Thesis and thus began the Reformation of the Catholic Church. With this came a rushing tide of secularization in Europe. This, of course, blew over into literature and the arts. The Faerie Queen is one epic that included the ideals and morals that the excommunicated Christians found rather intriguing and good to follow after. One can easily compare the Red Cross Knight to a Christ figure. Other characters can be paralleled to Biblical men and women as well. It was the era of discovery. People chose to discover themselves. Identities were formed and the individual man began to take more notice of himself than any other. This was a more difficult task for the Protestants because of their commitments. However, they were surrounded by this culture, lived in it, and were comfortable in the right to think about ones self more often. In The Faerie Queen we see the hero attempt to fight off the evil thing that is plaguing a friend who has asked for his help. Here is the Christian once again the helper and sustainer of life. The Reformation had caused a sort of brave attitude to cover Europe. Another genre of writing that was popular during the Renaissance was the sonnet. Shakespeare loved his sonnets and wrote many that coincide with the ideals that were ever present in this time period. This is where the greater secularization became too obvious. The self is the main character in Shakespeares sonnets. How the self (the speaker) feels or reacts, what he dreams or wishes are shared with the audience. Time is a god. Nature is a god. During the medieval period his sonnets would have had to be changed to add some sort of religious purpose before any audience could read them. However, with remarkable split from the Church of England, new things took place. New and individual theologies were made up. Specifically, in the first two lines of one of Shakespeares sonnets, he writes When my love swears that she is made of truth,/I do believe her, though I know she lies. This sonnet continues to relish in the fact that these to liars are in love so they are perfect for each other an d they lie together. Many of his sonnets have such a secular theme in them like this one has. This author would obviously cause problems if he had been written and published three hundred years earlier. Seeing the changes when one compares this sonnet to a work like The Faerie Queen, one can tell that the Renaissance was a time where so many changes were occurring. It was a period of constant re-birth, from beginning to end. English Essays

psych in 12 angry men essays

psych in 12 angry men essays The film Twelve Angry Men follows the jury deliberation of a first degree murder case. The jury, totaling twelve men, dispute their decision of innocence or guilt throughout the movie. Many concepts of social psychology including conformity, anger displacement, and stereotypes are used in the struggle between these men to reach a verdict. Conformity is the tendency for people to go along with a groups opinion despite what they really feel, just to fit in or be liked. In many cases, conformity is increased when a member of a group feels inferior to fellow peers in the group. In the initial hand count, all men except for one vote guilty. During this voting process it becomes clear that the men who are unsure of what they really feel will go along with the majority without any apparent reason. In the movie the jury decides to take an initial vote to see where everyone stands on the verdict before they start discussing their decision. Some men are very out-spoken about their opinion on the case and make others feel like they will be stupid to think otherwise. As the controversy continues, the one man who voted innocent proceeds to disprove the evidence and make the defendant in the case appear innocent. Every piece of evidence he disproves seems to ensure him a new supporter for a verdict of innocent. This one man is so persuasive in his argument that he makes his opponents appear naive. As the momentum now switches to his side, conformity again becomes evident as people who appear to be undecided now vote innocent. Conformity is obvious when the people were not able to explain their reasons for voting the way they do. The most common reason given is "because I think so." They never use concrete evidence to advocate their choice, but rather allow themselves to be swayed by the majority. Anger Displacement is comes into play through the main antagonist in the movie. This man continually uses the boys ...

Explain how specific male and female traits are correlated to Essay

Explain how specific male and female traits are correlated to reproductive success, and how this has affected human mating preferences - Essay Example The reproductive value of males is not determined by physical appearance but reproductive investment (Ellison 14). Genetics and behavior reveal that males are aggressive and competitive though certain traits strengthen the capacity of other individuals. Behavioral traits such as boldness, assertiveness and activeness make the dominant male more attractive to the females. A high status male is quite preferable as a mating partner. The male guarding trait is significant in the reproductive success because a male who protects his offspring has the potential of achieving reproductive success. The age and maturity of a dominant male affects reproduction. Younger males are viewed as fit for copulation and breeding in comparison to older males. Fertility in males is also important in reproductive success because sperm competition is linked with length. The longer the sperm tail, the faster it can swim and the higher the chances of fertilization. Human males with longer sperms are more viable and vice versa. Human male height is quite preferable because it is associated with strength and protection by the female counter parts. The male body size is significant in selecting a mate. It is a fact that women prefer men with broad chests and muscles as compared to thin short men (Cartwright 87). Females choose their breeding mates after considering certain factors. An example is good genes because they look for males with certain phenotypes with the hope that these characteristics will pass on to their offspring. Hormone regulation and age is a major determinant of reproductive success in females. Estrogen is an important hormone in human females during breeding and pre breeding. Its concentration is associated with reproduction success. Older women who have attained menopause are incapable of conceiving while younger women are highly prolific (Ellison 124). Fertility limits females’ reproductive success in humans. In addition,

Application White Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Application White Paper - Assignment Example The paper will also give recommendation on how the hotel can improve its service delivery. Online reviews help to improve generally performance of an organization since it helps managers in decision making and resources allocation. It also helps the organization analyze its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats to improve its goods and services. The benefits of organizational analysis is to help improve organizational performance in relation to is competitors through its mission, vision, resources allocation, product and services, governance, organizational culture and ethics, competitive advantages, employee and customer satisfaction (Bekefi, 2008). Hospitality industry plays an important economic role in United States of America (Zacks, 2012). Hotel industry across the globe is affected by fluctuations in demand of their goods and services depending with the prevailing season. A specific hotel needs to develop a products and services that will ensure constant income throughout the year despite the existing competitors. Their services should be unique and competitive compared to the products and services of their real competitors. Customer satisfaction is a key factor to the success of any hospitality organization. Hospitality industry offers home like services to unique customers away from home. Therefore the customer expectations for quality goods and services are higher in hospitality industry than in any other industry (Taylor, 2012). To improve services delivery and maintain customer royalty, an organization must seek to obtain the customers feed back in regard to their services. In the current information age most customers seek their products and services online. Customers also give negative and positive feedback online in Social Medias as well as the company’s website. Renivate software is an online platform specifically

Paediatric case study (Indigenous community) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paediatric (Indigenous community) - Case Study Example Bradley thus has multiple problems namely, failure to thrive, delayed psychomotor development, scabies, head louse infestation and worm infestation. He also has mild dehydration which needs to be corrected immediately. Failure to thrive in Bradley is most likely to be due to protein energy malnutrition. According to the World Health Organization or WHO (cited in Scheinfeld and Mokashi, 2008), malnutrition is the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the bodys demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions." When malnutrition arises predominantly due to protein deficiency, the term protein-energy malnutrition is used. Marasmus, kwashiorkar and intermediate states of marasmus-kwashiorkar fall into this category of malnutrition. Bradley is affected with kwashiorkar. This condition typically appears at the time of weaning and hence is known as "sickness of the weaning" (Scheinfeld and Mokashi, 2008). Children with kwashiorkar present with weight loss or poor weight gain, slow linear growth, behavioral changes like irritability and apathy and psychomotor changes. Other symptoms include diarrhoea, edema, easy fatigability, nonhealing wounds, multisystem ic impairment, distension of abdomen, cutaneous changes like dark and dry skin, depigmentation of hair and inflammatory bowel conditions. Clinical features in Bradley which point to Kwashiorkar are failure to thrive, distension of abdomen and psychomotor changes. Bradley will need proper evaluation and admission to hospital. One of the most important aspects of evaluation in Bradley is assessment of extent of dehydration. This is important for the purpose of calculation of rehydration fluids. Dehydration in children can be classified as mild, moderate and severe. Mild dehydration occurs when

The feature of inequality in modern society

The feature of inequality in modern society Inequality is an inescapable feature of modern society. Inequality affects modern society in a variety of ways. It is an inescapable feature of the world we live in. The most common inequality is gender. Men and Women are treated different in a number of ways such as in wages and in sports. This has been the same for centuries. Social class also plays a very big role in inequality. 89% of People are still judged by their class. (Glover 2007) Gender inequality is a huge problem in modern society today. One of the most common issues is wages. It is a known fact that men receive higher wages than women. According to a report by the government in 2006 there is a 13% pay gap between men and women. (The Financial Times 2006) The Office for National Statistics website (2008) says that this statistic has risen to 17.1% in 2008 for full time workers and 36.8% for part time workers. The Equal opportunities Commission published an article Facts about women and men in Great Britain 2006 It stated that 66% of mangers and senior officials are men, while women hold 81% of administrative and secretarial jobs. In the finance sector women are just over half the workforce, yet the average hourly pay for a woman working full time in finance is 41% lower than men. Jenny Watson, the chair of The Equal Opportunities Commission states that: Jobs traditionally seen as womens work such as early years care and education are undervalued and underpa id, and later in life many women are forced to take a pay cut for the flexibility they need to raise their own children Men and women usually have an equal start with their career, but when womens childcare responsibilities kick in, this is where the problems start. Most companies and organisations blame maternity leave and childcare responsibilities for the pay gap between men and women. Women are allowed up to six months maternity leave. Recently men have been able to take just as much as women. So why is there still a gap in wages? Women have always been seen as the nurse the teacher or the secretary. The International Labour Organisation website (2010) claims that women only hold 34% of mangers jobs in great Britain. They only receive two-thirds the pay of their male counterparts. According to the International Labour Office Women and men in lower-paid non-manual jobs such as clerks, shop assistants are closest to being equal. Growing up we all had the idea of mens work and womens work. Men were builders and doctors while women were teachers and nurses. This idea hasnt changed much as we grow older. We will all automatically look twice if we see a female bus driver, a male nurse or a female foreman. Its a natural reaction. From birth we see inequalities immediately in boys and girls. Blue is the colour for boys and pink for girls. Girls have their own toys that society deemed appropriate for girls and so do boys. It seems wrong or unnatural in some way to see a boy playing with a Barbie doll or pushing a toy pram. We have all grown up with these perceptions of what colours each sex should wear and what types of toys they should play with, that its no wonder men and women are treated differently when they grow up. It is what is natural to all of us. Gender inequality also exits in the education system. In same sex schools the subject choices concentrate on the gender of the school. For example in a girls only school it is rare that they would offer subjects such as construction studies or woodwork studies, the same for boys schools, they would rarely offer their male students the choice to take home economics. These subjects can only be taken for both boys and girls in mixed gender schools. Another area where gender inequality is present is Sports. Women are in a male dominated world when it comes to sport. The ancient Olympic games website (2009) claims that Women have been fighting to gain equality in sport since 776 B.C. at the Olympic Games, originally known as the Games of Hera. Women were not allowed to play nor watch the games. Although women play the same sports as men do, women receive little or no air time. It is very rare that you would see a womens soccer or rugby match being shown in a sports bar. The media has largely contributed to false stereotypes regarding men, women and sports. They see women as inferior to male athletes. Tennis especially has seen many centuries of gender inequality. Women only play the best of three sets whereas men play the best of five. Im sure any female tennis player would be more than capable to play five or more sets if given the opportunity. There was also a dramatic difference in prize money up until 2006. There was a big di fference in prize money between men and women in Wimbledon. Men were being paid a lot more money than women. A spokesperson for Wimbledon said that the difference in prize money was due to the fact that mens tennis was more exciting than womens. The Wimbledon website (2006) said this all changed in 2006 when both the ladies and mens winners were paid the same amount of prize money. This is a step in the right direction for gender equality in tennis. On the other hand soccer needs to follow in the same path. Women soccer players do not receive the same recognition or the same money that their male counterparts receive. Wayne Rooney earns  £90,000 a week being a professional soccer player for Manchester United and is world famous. I dont think many people would be able to name one professional female soccer player. Men get all the fame and all the recognition. Golf is another sport where females are treated unequally. In most golf courses, women can only play on ladies day and are not allowed to play alongside the male players. Professional Female golf players just like professional female soccer players, do not receive as much money or recognition. These are some of the many inequalities which women are trying to challenge and overcome today. It has stopped women from advancing as fast as their male counterparts. In my opinion women have been neglected in sports just as they have been in many other areas of life such as education and work. More often or not people are judged by their social class. They are discriminated against by where they come from. 90% of 18-24 year olds say people are judged by their class (Glover 2007). This has been happening for centuries and I do not think that it will change in the near future. As suggested by Macionis and Plummer (2008) Gordon Therborn has suggested that social class is one of the key features of modern Europe, as Europe was the first major arena of industrialisation. All the main political parties in Britain are trying to work against social class. Gordon Brown claimed recently that a class free society can become a reality in Britain. There are three shapes of class: The upper classes, the middle classes and the working classes. According to Glover (2007) the upper class is almost extinct with only 2% claiming to be part of it. The Middle class used to be the group between rich and poor. In 1998, 41% of people thought as themselves as middle class, exactly the same proportion as today. (Glover 2007) The Working Class is the lowest of the classes. A few centuries ago working class people were miners. They are known as the poorest of society. Glover (2007) said, Of people born to working class parents, 77% say they are working class too. One one fifth say they have become middle class. The fact that we still have a structure of class shows that people are discriminated because of their class and where they come from. They are discriminated against in the workplace and in schools. As Hutton (2007) described in his article, pupils from schools from middle class or working class areas are receiving little to no places in prestigious schools such as Oxford, even though they have received excellent marks. Their marks sometimes were better than pupils at Upper class schools. This just proves that there is inequality in social class. It obviously depends on where you come from and which school you attend that shapes your future education. No matter where we go in life we will be judged by our class and where we come from. Karl Marx and Max Weber have different views upon social class. Macionis and Plummer (2008) said that Marx defined class in terms of those who own the means of production and those who do not with a residual class in between He says that the owners or the means of production exploit those who produce goods and services, while the working class become alienated consumers. Marx focuses more on the economic side of social class, especially the labour force. Weber and Marx have similar ideas. In Webers view, a persons class status is a determinant of how they will turn out in later life. People will have a better life if they are higher up in class. He thought that a persons possessions and the way they lived was the cause of class conflict. Although Weber believed as Marx did that the economic side of social class was important and caused most of the conflict, he didnt believe that this was the only cause of the conflict between social classes. He saw society back then as having many st atus groups who held a vast amount of power. For example teachers do not own their schools they work for people, but they may be higher up in status than a mechanic who owns his owns and runs his own business. Weber thought that people in politics had more power in society. Weber said that conflict between the classes was a result of many different inequalities. Inequality is definitely an inescapable feature of our society. There are still gender inequalities present in modern society and some that have been around for centuries. I think there will always be inequalities between men and women. It has been around for centuries and nothing has changed, so I do not see it changing in the near future. There will also always be inequalities in social class. It was around in Karl Marxs era and is still here to the present day. People are being judged and criticized by where they come from. Even though the government is claiming that social class will not exist in years to come, they have not backed up their claims yet.

Uses and Abuses of Censorship :: social issues

Uses and Abuses of Censorship The uses and abuses of censorship in developed and developing countries have been under discussion for quite a long time. Although societies claim for freedom of thought and expression, which are indispensable to live peacefully, censorship is sometimes necessary, due to the fact tha its abuse may badly influence the behaviour of a society and may also result in anarchism. There are different kinds of censorship. The most common ones are: governmental, press and television censorship. The first one is connected with the respect and consideration people should live with. If the citizens of a country do not have the chance of giving voice to their discontent, they feel furstrated and inhibited. Freedom of expression is extremely important inthis case. People must have the opportunity of saying what the think in order to improve the conditions of living, without governmental censorship. Unfortunately, this freedom is sometimes exercised in a wrong way obliging the Government to use its power to censor demonstrators, because they behave violently and irrationally. It is clear, then, that it is highly positive that people have freedom of expression, but on the other hand, that freedom must be used in logical and civilized terms, to improve life in society, otherwise its bad use may lead to a social chaos. Press censorship is quite common nowadays. The press plays an important part in modern societies. Although there are some exceptions, some journalists and reporters are nowadays mor reliable than most of the politicians. Independent press has the freedom of publishing true facts about everyday governmental activities and decisions. In some cases, if the press did not investigate political and government affairs, people would never know some decisions, which most of the times, are in favour of leaders and against grass roots. It is said that the press is the fourth estate by the influence it has on the society, consequently, it should never be censored by the Governmet. Unfortunately, sometimes this freedom is used by journalists with political tendencies, so Government should have the power to investigate secret arrangements between the opposite political parties and some corrupt journalists. Another common case of censorship is the one shown by the Government, which in past times used to censor some television programmes. There are a lot of examples of programmes which were prohibited by governmental organizations. This was the clearest exemplification of censorship in past times.

Cell Theory Essay

In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory that describes the properties of cells, the basic unit of structure in every living thing. The initial development of the theory, during the mid-17th century, was made possible by advances in microscopy; the study of cells is called cell biology. Cell theory states that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organization in all living organisms. It is one of the foundations of biology. History: The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined (under a coarse, compound microscope) very thin slices of cork and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like the walled compartments a monk would live in. Because of this association, Hooke called them cells, the name they still bear. However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function. Hooke’s description of these cells (which were actually non-living cell walls) was published in Micrographia. His cell observations gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells. The first person to make a compound microscope was Zacharias Jansen, while the first to witness a live cell under a microscope was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra and named the moving organisms animalcules, meaning â€Å"little animals†. Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria. Cell theory was in contrast to the vitalism theories proposed before the discovery of cells. The idea that cells were separable into individual units was proposed by Ludolph Christian Treviranus and Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer. All of this finally led to Henri Dutrochet formulating one of the fundamental tenets of modern cell theory by declaring that â€Å"The cell is the fundamental element of organization†. The observations of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow, and others led to the development of the cell theory. The cell theory is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. The cell theory states: †¢All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products. †¢New cells are created by old cells dividing into two. †¢Cells are the basic building units of life. †¢ The cell theory holds true for all living things, no matter how big or small, or how simple or complex. Since according to research, cells are common to all living things, they can provide information about all life. And because all cells come from other cells, scientists can study cells to learn about growth, reproduction, and all other functions that living things perform. By learning about cells and how they function, you can learn about all types of living things. Credit for developing cell theory is usually given to three scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life. Their theory accepted the first two tenets of modern cell theory (see next section, below). However, the cell theory of Schleiden differed from modern cell theory in that it proposed a method of spontaneous crystallization that he called â€Å"free cell formation†. In 1855, Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells, thus completing the classical cell theory. (Note that the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells had in fact already been proposed by Robert Remak; it has been suggested that Virchow plagiarised Remak.) Modern interpretation: The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: 1.All known living things are made up of one or more cells. 2.All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. 3.The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. 4.The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells. 5.Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells. 6.Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 7.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species. Cell Parts and Their Functions Nucleus – Large Oval body near the centre of the cell. – The control centre for all activity. – Surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Nucleoplasm – is the protoplasm in the nucleus. – contains genetic material —> CHROMOSOMES (DNA) Nucleolus – is found in the nucleus. – contains more genetic information (RNA) Cell Membrane – the outer boundary of the cell. – it separates the cell from other cells. – it is porous —> allows molecules to pass through. Lysosomes – † suicide sacs † – small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion. – if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell. Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only ) – non living structure that surrounds the plant cell. – protects + supports the cell. – made up of a tough fibre called cellulose. Cyto Plasm – cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane. – clear thick fluid. – contains structures called organelles. Vacuoles – are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste. – in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support. – in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller. Mitochondria – power house of the cell. – centre of respiration of the cell. – they release energy for cell functions. Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only ) – contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis. Ribosomes – tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins. – found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum. Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER ) – systems of membranes throughout the cyto plasm. – it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. – passageway for material moving though the cell. Golgi Bodies – tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends. – they help package protein.

Double-Edged Sword Essays

Double-Edged Sword Essays Double-Edged Sword Paper Double-Edged Sword Paper The evolution of the world and its civilizations is galvanized by continual scientific and technological progress, which is brought about by the vast reservoir of knowledge that humankind has gained over the centuries in countless attempts to quench their insatiable thirst for the ultimate key that will unlock all the secrets of life. In the last few decades, men and women of science who are determined to fully unveil the mysteries of the universe were already able to take evolution to a whole new level- one that is closer to its culmination. They were able to discover the amazing ability of defying nature and manipulating those which holds the code to the individual characteristics of every living organism: genes. Genetic engineering, or gene manipulation, was once but a very popular element of science fictions and films; now, it has been lifted off the pages and television screens, and has become a reality that can actually help humanity overcome many of its imperfections. However, as this truth shows only a small part of the big picture, the capability of modifying the biological makeup of organisms has generated conflicting views from society. It is best to acknowledge the fact that while recent breakthroughs have presented us with unforeseen promises, they have, at the same time, given us complex predicaments. The educational film DNA: The Promise and the Price introduces the viewers to four immensely powerful molecular biology techniques that may just as well decide the world’s future. With genetic engineering still in its premature stage, only time can tell whether its potential to improve medical technologies- and, subsequently, human lives- outweighs all the socio-ethical, political, and health repercussions that come with it. Cloning, perhaps the most famous genetic engineering technology of this time, is the process of producing an organism that is genetically identical to its progenitor by vegetative reproduction or a laboratory technique. It holds several medical benefits that once existed only in dreams, books, and movies. For instance, human therapeutic cloning can provide genetically identical cells from embryonic tissues for regenerative medicine, as well as new, healthy tissues and organs that can be used for transplantation. As such, cloning technologies can actually contribute greatly in the research and development for genetic diseases, as well as serious diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, and diabetes. The capability of generating artificial human cells can also lead to further improvements in cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries and burn treatments. Human reproductive cloning, meanwhile, could allow infertile couples to have children with at least some of their DNA. People could even clone themselves to be able to create the â€Å"perfect descendant† for them, or even the loved ones that they have lost to ease the pain of bereavement. However, the main argument against cloning is the fact that it is unethical and morally repugnant to use a human clone to save a life. A clone, though artificially made, is still a life form just like any other human being. To produce and later kill it merely for the sake of our needs would therefore be tantamount to committing a sin. Also, early experiments are most likely to result in a number of clinical failures and lead to miscarriage, the necessity of dozens or even hundreds of abortions, or births of massively deformed offspring. But problems with regards to early experiments pale in comparison to the socio-ethical issues that would surely arise should cloning succeed in producing a healthy child, and become part of the repertoire of new reproductive technologies presently offered to those with sufficient funds. Worse, society would be at a lost as to how to treat human clones. Another product of years of extensive research in genetic engineering is gene therapy, which involves the treatment of a genetic disease through the insertion of normal or genetically altered genes into cells and tissues in order to repair damaged or replace missing genes. It is seen as a potential cure for genetic disorders such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency, etc. Genes and artificial chromosomes can also be inserted into embryos in a process known as germ-line gene therapy. This could be used to cure genetic disorders, including behavioral disorders such as schizophrenia, or to insert genes which enhance intelligence or athletic performance. The benefits of these genetic changes would be passed on to later generations. Nevertheless, gene therapy is far from perfect; in fact, it has caused the death of many patients who wished to cure themselves of their genetic disorders. Viruses, while the carrier of choice in most gene therapy studies, unfortunately presents a variety of potential problems to the patient, such as toxicity and immune and inflammatory responses. This medical procedure also has several limitations, such as its short-lived nature, as well as the fact this treatment is most suitable only for diseases that resulted from mutations in a single gene. It would be extremely difficult for gene therapy to effectively treat some of the most commonly occurring multi-factorial disorders such as heart diseases and diabetes, which are caused by the combined effects of variations in may genes. The next technique discussed in the film, RNA interference, can be used as a means of silencing gene expression. This can be harnessed to allow specific inhibitions of the function of any chosen target genes, including those involved in causing diseases such as cervical cancer and hepatitis. However, like gene therapy, success is only more likely in those diseases with a simple genetic basis rather than in complex multi-gene disorders. Diseases involving sites where delivery of synthetic RNA is more straightforward will also be more likely to be effectively treated. Also, geneticists are still in the process of improving the RNA interference technique so that they can ensure the procedure’s ability to selectively target cancer cells without destroying any normal cells. The last, and perhaps the most amazing, genetic technology shown in the film is stem cell therapy. Since stem cells are capable of being differentiated into basically all types of cells, they offer so much promise in the development of medical treatments for a wide range of conditions, including heart and brain diseases. Much success and potential has been demonstrated from research using adult stem cells. For instance, many patients with heart diseases who have resorted to stem cell therapy have made great progress in that more of their heart tissues are contracting normally. However- and this is where the controversy lies- the differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells is broader than most adult stem cells. It divides more rapidly than adult stem cells, potentially making it easier to generate a larger number of cells for therapeutic means. As such, it is the most versatile stem cells which can be eventually used to create a new organ. As such, scientists are looking into the use of embryonic stem cells, which could possibly lead to the creation of artificial, healthy organs in a few decade’s time. But, there is a price to be paid: sacrificial lives, in the form of embryos. Harvesting of embryonic stem cells can result in the destruction of human embryos, and even if clone embryos are used, they still count as human lives. As such, it would be very difficult for society to be able to swallow and accept such an immoral way of saving lives, especially those who believe that the end does not justify the means. As can be see, the promise of genetically modifying humans to improve their well being and to treat debilitating illnesses are becoming a reality. By delving deeper into the world of genetics, newfound knowledge may also enable us to go so far as to engineer our own genetic blueprints- to enhance our physical attributes and mental capabilities; to choose the sex, hair and eye color, and even the personality of our children; and, maybe- just maybe- to create seemingly perfect human beings with superpowers. However, despite the enormous amount of development in the field, our moral understanding and awareness is still limited in scope. Our ethical values are still not capable of providing us with adequate tools needed to address the socio-ethical problems posed by advances in genetics. As science outpaces moral understanding, scientists and ethicists are pitted against one another in their struggle to stand by what they believe is for the greater good and to articulate their concerns. While as proponents argue that genetic engineering can prevent and cure more diseases, ethicists believe that the risks- particularly the sacrifice of human lives to save those of others, as well as the after effects of manipulating that which has been ordained by nature- far outweigh the benefits. Humans have the natural tendency to abuse, and as such, the consequential misuse of genetic technologies is but inevitable. For instance, designer babies may be the realization of parents’ dreams for their children to be the best of the best, but altering a baby’s genetic traits and manipulating our own nature may demean the uniqueness of each individual and can therefore undermine our humanity. Children may, in effect, become mere consumer goods for ambitious parents. Gene manipulation, which is seen as a manifestation of the human desire to play God, is capable of entailing horrible social consequences. Society might just be divided between genetically modified humans whose abilities are enhanced and normal humans who don’t possess the same superhuman qualities. Worse, those who are lacking the genetic advantage might just end up becoming the inferior beings, living in a dreadful society with a lot of unimaginable problems. A future driven by genetic revolution seemed bright and wonderful; however, if society fails to expand its moral awareness to cope with the ethical questions that comes with this scientific development, the forces of nature might just catch us off-guard and backlash with a vengeance that we couldn’t possibly escape from. From this, it is apparent that gene manipulation can be likened to a double-edged sword- a weapon lethal against enemies, but with a great risk: it can just as easily kill the one who wields it.

Free Essays on Euthanasia in America

Euthanasia in the United States The frail woman lay on her bed, chatting quietly with her grandchild. They had spent the day talking about unicorns, Cinderella, and â€Å"the olden days.† As they conversed, the woman’s daughter looked on. She nodded to the doctor, and by the end of the evening the joyful spirit of old woman was gone. Euthanasia is a practice that has become more common than realized in the United States. Various states in the Union have tried to legalize euthanasia within the past few years. Those states include Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, New York, Washington, California and Oregon. North Carolina, Utah and Wyoming do not necessarily ban physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is criminalized in the remaining states (Johnson 25). Oregon is the only state that allows euthanasia under tightly controlled circumstances. (Johnson 26.) There are several bills that are circulating through U.S. courts and legislatures for and against euthanasia (Matas 14b). Even though euthanasia ha s a growing base of legal support in the United States, it is murder. Oregon has had an ongoing battle about euthanasia since 1994. Citizens in the state approved Ballot Measure 16 in the 1994 November elections that would have legalized euthanasia under limited conditions (Oregon 2). The National Right to Life Committee, sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, obtained a court injunction to delay the implementation of the measure. In the meantime, the measure was not enacted (Johnson 30). The Oregon Medical Association originally took no stand on the matter but later came out against it because of what was considered legal flaws (Oregon 4). Conservatives within the Oregon government were forced to approve the legislation due to the June 1997 second public referendum. The referendum was upheld by 61% of adults in Oregon (Oregon 5-6). A Right to Life lawyer named Annette Patterson said: â€Å"It’s... Free Essays on Euthanasia in America Free Essays on Euthanasia in America Euthanasia in the United States The frail woman lay on her bed, chatting quietly with her grandchild. They had spent the day talking about unicorns, Cinderella, and â€Å"the olden days.† As they conversed, the woman’s daughter looked on. She nodded to the doctor, and by the end of the evening the joyful spirit of old woman was gone. Euthanasia is a practice that has become more common than realized in the United States. Various states in the Union have tried to legalize euthanasia within the past few years. Those states include Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, New York, Washington, California and Oregon. North Carolina, Utah and Wyoming do not necessarily ban physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is criminalized in the remaining states (Johnson 25). Oregon is the only state that allows euthanasia under tightly controlled circumstances. (Johnson 26.) There are several bills that are circulating through U.S. courts and legislatures for and against euthanasia (Matas 14b). Even though euthanasia ha s a growing base of legal support in the United States, it is murder. Oregon has had an ongoing battle about euthanasia since 1994. Citizens in the state approved Ballot Measure 16 in the 1994 November elections that would have legalized euthanasia under limited conditions (Oregon 2). The National Right to Life Committee, sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, obtained a court injunction to delay the implementation of the measure. In the meantime, the measure was not enacted (Johnson 30). The Oregon Medical Association originally took no stand on the matter but later came out against it because of what was considered legal flaws (Oregon 4). Conservatives within the Oregon government were forced to approve the legislation due to the June 1997 second public referendum. The referendum was upheld by 61% of adults in Oregon (Oregon 5-6). A Right to Life lawyer named Annette Patterson said: â€Å"It’s...

Group Characteristics and Development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Characteristics and Development - Article Example Four of us had known each other before coming to the same university since we had all met at the various debating competitions which we had taken part in previously and won laurels for our respective institutions. Serisha was new to all the members because she had travelled all the way from India to study at our school. At one competition I had lost to Sera and Adam had lost to me, so Sera stood first, I stood second and Adam third. Consequently, we all shared a common passion for debating and respected each other’s debating style. Therefore, when we all met at school, we took no time in forming our group. It has been approximately 11 months now since we have all been a part of this group. Initially, it was evident that Serisha felt a little left out because the rest of us had some common experiences to share and talk about. The change which I feel exists now is that Serisha is as comfortable with us as we are with her. The basic tasks for which the group was formed was keepin g practice sessions, practicing for upcoming competitions, discussing a good public speaking video each week and coordinating with other sub-groups of the debating society and learning about their progress. All this work required a leader to take responsibility that the assigned work was done.

An Interpretation of Chris Ofili's Afrodizzia Essay

An Interpretation of Chris Ofili's Afrodizzia - Essay Example To comprehend Chris Ofili’s work and interpret it in a fair manner, we have to identify styles that are consistent with his work. Ofili’s work is recognizable by the layered surfaces of different materials. He borrows from the works of other artists and incorporates them into his work. An example is the way he uses the cut out of photographs from magazines. Another feature common among Ofili’s work is the size of his paintings. He does most of his work on six by eight feet canvases. Not that size means anything significant but I choose not to ignore it as a factor in the interpretation of his work. In my opinion, he desires to â€Å"magnify† the message in his works. I will give the example of his controversial painting the â€Å"Holy Virgin Mary† which has had its admirers and condemners. The work was a brazen play on religion and it could not be ignored largely because of its depiction of the Black Madonna. I argue that the size of that painting w as an intention to magnify that depiction as with all other Ofili’s paintings. Lastly, Ofili uses cow dung in most of his exertion. He said that the elephant dung was inspired by his visit to Zimbabwe during his masters at the Royal College of Art. He saw cave paintings which inspires his styles including his use of dung. He has often contended that the dung is meant to bring out the â€Å"ugliness† of the beauty of his paintings. It is important to note that Mr. Ofili derives his inspiration to make art from the social and political events affecting him or the community in general. Most of his paintings document the issues affecting black people between the 70s and 90s. An example is â€Å"No Woman No Cry† which was inspired by racism against black in Britain. In his paintings also, Ofili asserts his thoughts on religion, popular culture and music (hip hop). The â€Å"Holy Virgin Mary† is a good example of where Ofili makes a bold but humorous statement on the Roman Catholic faith (Kleiner, 2008, p. 55). â€Å"Afrodizzia† looks like a jewel. The medium used in the base composition of the painting is acrylic paint with oil resin, glitter, paper collage; map pins and elephant compost. The collage, the paint and the lines drawings in the piece make it quite a sight. Ofili has used red, yellow and orange colors in the painting to signify energy, excitement and radiance. These are the same words that could be used to describe the color scheme. The white background of the painting is a probable allusion to a clean sheet that will be â€Å"stained† by elephant dung. The introduction of green and blue colors creates a clash that can be directly interpreted to signify Ofili’s search for identity. Color in art speaks of the mood of the piece in study. Ofili’s decision to use many colors in an unspecified pattern shows a clash of emotions, identity and character. â€Å"Afrodizzia â€Å"was painted during a period fraught with the outcomes of racial tension in Great Britain. It was completed in 1996, three years after the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence by six white youths (Campbell 1993) and during the Macpherson enquiry into his death. This tension had/has been ongoing since the Brixton riots in 1981 with Macpherson finding that certain institutions in Britain were racist and incompetent. Perhaps, Chris Ofili represented

Critical Thinking about the Viet Nam Conflict Research Paper - 2

Critical Thinking about the Viet Nam Conflict - Research Paper Example The media was allowed more unfiltered access to this war than any previous and was extremely instrumental in shaping opinion back home. The reporting during the first part of the conflict essentially mimicked the government’s â€Å"domino theory† justification, that the U.S. was preventing the spread of communism. However, events during the later part of the war such as My Lai and the Tet Offensive turned the media and therefore public opinion against American involvement. The close-knit relationship between the media and military turned adversarial which affected public opinion and ultimately brought an end to the war. The debate continues whether or not the reporting was unbiased and accurate, if the folks back home knew the real story and if history has recorded the war according to fact or an agenda driven fiction. Media accounts of war consisted mainly of photographs during the First World War. The public saw only what passed the Press Bureau’s censorship guidelines however, a move to ensure public opinion stayed positive. Moving pictures in the form of newsreels shown prior to movies depicted America’s involvement in the best possible light. The people back home saw their soldiers bravely gaining ground against the fascist and Japanese menaces that threatened to take over the world and end the American way of life. In these days before television, these accounts helped theater goers to feel a sense of pride and security. Support for the war was practically unanimous. Everyone wanted to pitch-in for the war effort. The stories coming out of Vietnam were similar at least at first. The general public bought into the idea of America’s fighting men fighting and dying to preserve freedom and democracy in another foreign land. â€Å"This attitude stemmed from the journalistic style that had been used in the preceding American wars of the twentieth century and also from sheer patriotic support for the United States†

Practical critical essay on Jude Part 6 Ch.2. Essay Example for Free

Practical critical essay on Jude Part 6 Ch.2. Essay Little Father Time has just hanged himself and the other two children. Jude and Sue have just come across this scene of horror. Hardy cuts upon the floor, on which was written, in the boys hand, with the bit into short segments with commas giving the narration a breathless effect. It demonstrates Jude and Sues feelings towards the scene they have just witnessed. These commas also fashion the sentence as if it were being spoken by a child. There is no complex diction in this passage so it reflects the innocence of the children involved, which is quite a contrast from the adult and gothic language such as half paralyzed and grotesque and hideous horror used in the last paragraph. There is a pattern that emerges so whenever the narrator describes the scene (usually the most horrific parts), he uses simple, unadorned, monosyllabic words, i. e. the little bed, and placing the negative first no children were there. However, when describing the parents reaction, he uses more complicated and descriptive lexis. This gives rise to an unnerving, disturbing feeling for the reader. The note written to Jude and Sue by Little Father Time, Done because we are too menny explains clearly, why he had performed this task. This is a succinct, poignant note written with what is either no feeling whatsoever or overwhelming but repressed emotion. However, menny indicates the pure innocence and child-like quality of Little Father Time and it shows us the level of his education. Menny incorporates the word men and his ignorance of spelling may signify his ignorance of the ways of man. Perhaps in the word Done there is a resonance of Macbeths If it were done when tis done (Act I scene VII) emphasizing the horrific finality and decisiveness to Little Father Times actions. Sue provoked Little Father Time into reflecting along these lines of their being too many of them due to her conversation with him in the last few pages. He asks, It would almost be better to be out o the world than in it, wouldnt it?, and she off-handedly replies, It would almost, dear. This careless reply and its tragic ramification is a result of Sues narcissism and the solipsistic nature of both the parents towards Little Father Time. The language now becomes more elaborate and graphic as the children are no longer mentioned and the following paragraphs concern merely Jude and Sue. Sue realizes her careless words were responsible for Little Father Times actions. Her convulsive agony that knew no abatement is powerfully personified, and implies that she is in the grip of someone who refuses to let go. The syntax, ending in the stark phrase no abatement makes Sues feeling even more infinite and absolute. She is so distraught that the woman of the house is vainly trying to soothe her, with her eyes staring at the ceiling. She seems to be undergoing an out-of-body experience. She is not to go upstairs because her presence might do harm; the intensive shock may also lead to endangering a coming life, her unborn baby would be the only child left in her life. Sue confesses she believes herself responsible for this and Jude replies It was in his nature to do itunknown in the last generation: This is an allusion to a number of views and theories. Thomas Malthus published An essay on the principle of population in 1798. In it he argued against population growth. He believed that if one cannot afford to raise children, one should not bring them into the world. Jude quotes the doctor who says that such boys were not heard of in the last generation. Here, Darwins The Origin of Species (1859) is being alluded to. Darwin proved humans are not special creatures chosen by God, but instead, simply animals that are highly evolved and well adapted to their surroundings. Hardy stresses the way that Little Father Time had struck at the conventional views of Victorian family life and instead of having the typical morals of a little boy, believed that survival was more important than family values. I believe that Little Father Time is in a sense more highly evolved than Jude Jude attempted to commit suicide and failed. Little Father Time however, did so he is a child brought up without love. The use of the words springing up make this new type of child seem linked to regeneration, growth, felicity and seasonality, but in fact they bring death and are the product of new views of life. Of course Sue herself is a product of such views which perhaps have affected Little Father Time subconsciously. He never shows any signs of hope, happiness, excitement and general strong emotions until his last conversation with Sue, and even then he gives us no impression that he is going to murder his brother and sister and commit suicide. The child is an example of the coming universal wish not to live Jude states bleakly. This phrase demonstrate the thematic pessimism in the narrative, the apocalyptical nature of Little Father Time, and the fast approaching, universal nihilistic views of the end of the century. At the end of Judes version of the doctors analysis of Little Father Time, the text ends with an aposiopesis: consolations to -. Judes composure cracks. Ironically, Jude stops short just as he mentions, (the doctor) can give no consolation, the phrase no consolation extends Hardys apocalyptic theme of lack of hope. We find out Jude has composed himself for Sue, but could do so no longer, and in her efforts to comfort him, distracted her from her poignant self-reproach. Hardy describes what Sue sees when she is allowed to finally see the children. Little Father Times face expressed the whole tale of their situation which is clearly, death, despair, struggle, lack of love, and lack of hope. Linking the boys face to their situation describes them both perfectly well without describing either. The use of simple, unadorned language describing the boy as a little shape shows us that the small boy is not yet defined, he is not yet delineated; he dies young and unformed. Hardy writes that in Little Father Time he had converged all the inauspiciousness of Jude. The childs corpse conveyed the suggestion of the tragedy, despair and death that was looming in his relationship with Arabella, as well all the accidents errors of the last; the potent and tragic element of fate is stressed. Little Judes description as his parents nodal point demonstrates that he is an entanglement where inauspiciousness and the lack of love have become enmeshed. The paragraph concludes with a tricolon, For the rashness of those parents he had groaned, for their ill-assortment he has quaked, and for the misfortunes of these he had died. This relates to Judes relationships with Arabella and Sue, and Little Father Times short life; it is a conclusive and tragic summation of Little Father Times short life and tragic end. This scene hints at Hardys disaffection with God, and when Jude and Sue overhear the psalm Truly God is loving unto Israel we realize this disaffection is very tangible.

Career Development Essay

Career Development Essay Jump to: Phases of Career Development | Career Development System | Steps for Career Development Plan | How to Create a Career Plan | Career Plan Example | Conclusions and Recommendations INTRODUCTION When we were kids, every one of us where thinking of being something or having specific job in the future. Many of us were thinking to be doctors, teachers, policeman, pilot etc But reaching these positions or got these jobs will not be easy without knowing what are we good at and what are the ears that we want to improve ourselves in. Also if we want to get these jobs or positions we should have goals and we have to work as hard as we can to accomplish these goals. Every one of us should have a career plan in mind when we graduate from universities or collage or even before that when we graduate from high school because having plan is always motivate us to study, work and develop ourselves in order to achieve and accomplish our plan. When we get our first job we should ask for career development plan and it will be much better if we could draw this plan ourselves because we know what our strengths and weakness and we know what are the best trainings and programs we should take in order to improve ourselves. Career development is very important aspect in our working life and personal life. In our working life its important because no one of us wants or wishes to stay and the same job and the same position for ever, without developing or having the career development plan we will not be able to improve ourselves and get promoted. In our personal life it is important to have career development plan we will be able to make our families and friends happy and proud of us because by having the career development plan we will be able to reach our goals that we have always dream of. This paper is talking about the career development and career development plan and how it is important for the employees and the organizations. CAREER DEVELOPMENT Now days there are many people change their careers more than one time in their lives. For these people who change their career for more than three times, they should know and understand the important of the career development. (John Groth) The career development is the formal approach used by the organization to help people acquire the skills and experiences needed to perform current and future jobs. (R. Wayne Mondy) The career development process is the exploring of your skills and what are your strengths and weakness. Career development is also like a plan you design it yourself to help you in advance through your career. (John Groth) The Roles of the Managers and the Employees in the Career Development (R. Wayne Mondy) Managers Appraising the Performance Coaching and Supporting Guiding and Counseling Providing Feedback Supplying Information Employees Self Assessment Gathering Data Setting Goals Working with Supervisor Developing Plan THE THREE STAGES OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT: The First Stage is the Bring It on Stage: this is the first stage in the career life. The age of the people in this stage is from the mid 20s to the early 30s. People in this stage of their career development are very active, strong and powerful. They determine to make their mark in the world of work. Most of the people in this stage feel that they are very strong and able to do everything they asked for also they can make what they want to happen. Success and possibilities are unlimited during this stage. (Dan Strakal) The Second Stage is the Realistic Stage: the age of the people in this stage is from the early 30s to mid 40s. During this stage specific values and career realities begin to come out. At the point of the career development, people of this stage feel that the values could create a conflict between choosing priorities in their work life and their home lives. After spending 10 to 15 years in the workforce, people in this stage feel that they might not being able to do what they were planning to at all, because some of them are feeling that they are not controlling their own career destines. (Dan Strakal) The Third Stage is the Reinvention Stage: this is the last stage in the career development. The age of the people in this stage is from the mid 40s to retirement. This stage starts when people began to redefining and reconciling their work life and personal life. People during this stage have learned from many challenges that they were facing in the last pervious stages and this is the best time to be focus in creating a legacy of specific contributions to be remembered for in their careers, their families and their communities. (Dan Strakal) THE ROLES OF THE LEADERS AND MANAGERS DURING THE THREE STAGES OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT : They have to find ways to match peoples values, beliefs, and behaviors to projects and tasks. For example it will be great if they assignee people who are in the Bring it on Stage to the tasks or projects which need and required lots of energy. Get the people who are in the Realistic Stage to value added projects or tasks so they can feel engaged and a part of something big and important. For the people who are in the Reinvention Stage, leaders and manager should get them in projects such as monitoring programs, company history initiatives or leadership development programs. (Dan Strakal) Managers and leader should understand the and knowledge the three stages in order to be able to prevent and solve problems and conflicts that may be occur due to career development differences in values and perspectives. (Dan Strakal) The Assessment Phase: Those who think about successful and satisfying career need to understand themselves first. They also need to know how in which way they can perform best at workplace. One of the key factors in career development is job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is at its highest when the job engages the strongest personality qualities of an individual and when the job is in line with individuals values and attitudes. The fit between employee and organization, in terms of organization nature and culture, directly affects employees career development, performance and chances to succeed. Leadership skills are one of the key factors in career development, too. Ability to cope with stress effectively is another important factor in career success. Assessments can help individuals understand their preferred activities, work style, learn best ways of working with others, and manage conflicts. Facilitates the improvement, alignment, and integration of overall organizational effectiveness and capabilitie s . Monitors progress over time . The assessment evaluates organizational approaches (processes), the extent to which they are deployed, evaluated/improved, aligned, and integrated throughout the organization, and their effectiveness at driving organizational results. Organization assessments are used for learning and improvement. Much like an annual health physical, this tool helps managers better understand what is working well and on what they should be focusing their improvement efforts. But the real value of an assessment is its ability to improve performance to improve outcomes and drive tangible organizational results. And a few studies have proven the value of an assessment and systemic management framework. Organizational Assessment Public and private organizations are complex systems of interacting components. In order to properly gauge the organizations performance and its readiness for change, it is critical to engage in an assessment for immediate feedback and understanding of issues such as: Roles and responsibilities Work climate Group dynamics Training needs Culture and norms Team behavior Communications Work processes Organizational Assessment Sequence Organizational Assessment is a systematic procedure to gather information about an organization, diagnose specific challenges, and develop ways to address them. Effective assessment should be seen as a window into the organization, providing insight into critical issues. It is the cornerstone of any transformation process, and provides the basis for determining how an organization will achieve its vision. Readiness for change is a proven and critical measure of success. Assessment is the first step in understanding the complexity of organizations and essential in measuring the conditions that are necessary for successful change. A thorough assessment will assist in developing an effective transformation plan. The information gathered provides the organization with an understanding of its readiness for change, as well as the actions that will be necessary for successful transformation. Organizational Assessments are an excellent first step towards taking action to initiate positive organizational change. Managing organizational change is an important challenge for leaders at all levels today. In assessing the effectiveness of an organization, it is important to first understand its functional purpose . Self Assessment: Self assessment is the first step of the career planning process. During a self assessment you gather information about yourself in order to make an informed career decision. A self assessment should include a look at the following: Values: the things that are important to you, like achievement, status, and autonomy Interests: what you enjoy doing, i.e. playing golf, taking long walks, hanging out with friends Personality: a persons individual traits, motivational drives, needs, and attitudes In addition to determining what youre good at, a skills assessment also helps figure out what we enjoy doing. The direction phase: One of the most critical and important phase in the process of career development for employees in any organization is the direction phase that acts as a golden link between the assessment and development phases since it has two main roles by driving the identified employee to the appropriate path in the career life and provide a chance to improve the quality and options of this path in the future as a development mission. Only specialists have the ability to design the career direction of any employee based on their experience with taking in their consideration different aspects related to the organization and employee needs; in order to satisfy all the needs. At the same time, you as an employee must be honest in order to ensure the successful of the assessment phase and get the right information about yourself, so counselor will be able to select the right career path. The most important tasks carried out by them are: Choosing a major Developing a career plans Planning a job search Changing careers Counselor will have some discussions and meetings in order to show you different options available and suitable for your future. In case if you are not interested in those options for any reasons, other alternatives will be taken in considerations by designing a job research planning. Sometimes employees are working for a long time in the wrong field, but they accept this situation just to get salary and survive in this life. Actually this mistake must be solved by changing the whole career which is the most difficult step because counselor must focus on the behavioral and mentality side of individual. Nowadays, there are many career counseling centers and offices all over the world that provide a service for those who are confused and dont know what kind of career major to select. Today, the most valuable asset for everyone is the information that must be given for those who are looking for career development and job search. It is a complementary activity for setting up the direction process. Different methods and tools can be used to offer this information and training sessions for employees, such as seminars presented by professionals on a broad range of topics of interest to job seekers like (Starting Your Own Business, Working for a Charity). Also, job workshops can be carried out in order to gather the maximum number of people with different culture and knowledge and then divide them into groups to share ideas and points with each other besides learning from other mistakes and experiences. THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE: Introduction: The development phase in the career growth of an employee is a significant milestone to move in an organization. An employee who meets the requirements of career development is more likely to be catapulted to the higher position. This improvement however could not be done overnight because the skills, concepts, and capabilities are enhanced through processes. Discussion: The promotion of a certain individual depends on the success of the development phase. This stage in his life is crucial depending on people and organization that are responsible in preparing him for higher opportunities. These people and organizations that play key roles in shaping the employee to prepare for the new challenging tasks awaiting him on his new position, are either his managers, supervisors or even peer group and affiliated associations. Some of these common development programs offered by organizations are mentoring, coaching, job rotation and tuition assistance. The terms may change interchangeably but the desired objective to develop and mould the employee to the next higher position will help tremendously for the career development of the employee. Famous among the development programs is mentoring. To mentor as Psychology book says is to walk along with the other person. It could happen between a senior and a junior officer, manager and supervisor or supervisor and employee. It can happen also between a person and his peers, his organizations or affiliated association. Mentoring can simply be called advising, role modeling, sharing contacts and giving general support. Mentoring can happen any time during office hours or even outside of the official time. Moreover, it can happen in any levels in the organization. Empirical evidence proves that effective mentoring can improve outcomes such as performance levels, promotion rate, upward mobility, and income and job satisfaction. It can even re-ignite enthusiasm and motivation for those mentees who are about to retire. The most effective mentoring is matching the mentees skills and interests. Furthermore, another study reveals that employees with mentors have achieved greater level of career development. Another concept that is link to mentoring is job shadowing wherein a junior employee observes a more senior employee for a set duration. There are concerns to address in mentoring. Employees who belong to small organizations or individuals who are self employed may find a hard time finding a mentor. However, the solution is for them to affiliate in any organizations or associations that will serve as support system. The next development program is coaching which involves spontaneous meeting between employer and employee to discuss the latter career goals and development. This will enhance productivity and more likely to the managers own advancement. Another program is job rotation which could be an answer for companys downsizing. It gives the employee the opportunity to broaden his knowledge and increase marketability. Job rotation allows employee to work on another jobs and be trained to add more skills on his CV. However, one advantage is the fact that there are employees who by discretion do not want to broaden their horizons for the purpose of mastering own skills and potentials. Conclusion: The tuition assistance Program is another offering in the development program of the organization for his employees. This takes in the form of workshops, seminars, conventions and the like. It could also be in a form of scholarship grant to an individual which is the support of the organization to further the individuals knowledge. All these career development programs may happen simultaneously or it may be conducted one at a time. Not necessarily than an employees undertakes the four programs, but to avail of either one of these, as long as the program is effectively done will ensure promotion for the employee. CAREER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM The career development system is an everyday activity shows how is the organizations needs are linked with the individuals needs so when the employees are satisfy with their career, the organization will achieve its goals and objectives. (Thomas H. Jakel) ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS What are the organizations major strategic issues over the next two or three years? Critical needs challenges to be faced? Critical skills, knowledge and experiences needed to meet these challenges? Staffing levels required? Does the organization have the strength necessary to meet the critical challenges? ISSUE Are employees developing themselves in a way that links personal effectiveness and satisfaction with the achievement of the organizations strategic objectives? INDIVIDUAL NEEDS How do I find career chances within the organization that will do the following? Use my strength Address my developmental needs Provide challenges Match my interests Match my values Match my personal style (Thomas H. Jakel) HOW CAN MANAGERS SUPPORT THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT There are many way that the managers can use to make their employees to take advantage of career development opportunities. Below are some ways that the managers can use to encourage and support their employees: The managers have to set time to meet with their employees and ask them about their career goals and how they would like to achieve these goals. The conversations should be un formal and friendly and the managers have to show their employees that they are not only supporting their development, but also show them that they are interested on their career goals. (Career Development The Managers Role) The managers have to evaluate their employees performance annually. Also they have to give then feedback and suggestions in how they can develop themselves. (Career Development The Managers Role) Make sure that the job descriptions change based on the talents that people bring to their jobs and projects. (Career Development The Managers Role) Recognize and reward the employees who are doing a good work. (Career Development The Managers Role) Managers have to focus on the development of the person more that improving his/her job performance. (Career Development The Managers Role) Start the employees development programs in a way that help them to establish their goals for their professional development. (Career Development The Managers Role) Make them feel that there are always enough budgets for the trainings programs. (Career Development The Managers Role) THE IMPACT OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT The career development could impact of the employees, staff, managers and departments. Impact on the employees: the career development will be very helpful for the employees because they will be able to see the path from one job to another, including the skills and knowledge needed. (Career Development: Impact) Impact on the Managers and the staff: career development will let the staff and managers to have the information and the tools to plan for career development and support succession planning. (Career Development: Impact) Impact on the Department: career development will get the department to have an access to more prepared internal candidates who are prepared for advancement. (Career Development: Impact) CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLAN What is Career Development Plan? Career Development Plan is the most important part of the performance review, and it is identify your strengths and weakness and the area that you need to develop in order to meet you career goals. Creating a career development plan will be very helpful to develop your strategies to take advantage of your chances for your future work. (Career Development Plan) Career Development Plan: it is like a map that shows you where do you have to move in your current career and where or what you want to work in the future. This map will show you how to develop yourself and how you want to provide yourself with the right and the important skills and experiences. It will also help you to find the right ways to achieve your goals and the organization goals and interests at the same time enjoy your work and try to balance between your career and your life. It is very important for the career development plan is to be fixable and it may be changed during your current job. (Career Development) An Individual Development Plan (IDP): it is a progress tool which discovers activities that will help you to improve your knowledge, skills and abilities. The IDP process gives you a chance to share with your supervisor or manager your objectives as well as talk about your strengths and development needs. (Career Development Tool: Career Planning) Since the career development plan includes and talk about your work experiences and your career goals and it could includes the development that needed for your current job, it is always good idea that you use this for moving to a new job as well. When you will start working on your career development plan you have to focus on your current job. Once you feel that you are meeting your current roles expectations then you can start develop plan for you future career. (Career Development Plan) The career development plan includes materials that allow you to think about your personal career development. By creating you personal career development you will be sure that you have all the skills, knowledge and the ability you need to successfully achieve your career goals. (Career Development Plan) You have to share your completed career development plan with your manager to make him/her aware of your career goals and plans. (Career Development Plan) HOW TO CREATE CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLAN: First of all you have to write about your background information. This could be done by doing the self assessment, because by doing the self assessment you will be able to know your strengths and weakness. (Career Development Plan) The First Step: Self Assessment I think that the self assessment is the best thing that everyone has to do before starting to look for a new job or even to move from the current job to another. The most common question that you have to ask yourself about before searching for a job for the first time or moving into a new job is: I dont know what I want to do? The only and the right way to answer your question is to do self assessment this is the tool which can guide you toward the kind of job that is suited you. Self assessment is the way or the process which can you use to gather information about yourself to make the career decision easy for you. (Dawn Rosenberg McKay) The Self Assessment should include the following: Values Interests Personality Skills Values: The values are the things that are very important to you such as the achievements. Values are the most important thing to think about very carefully when you are planning to work for the first time or thinking of moving to a new job, because if you didnt care about your values you will lead yourself to a not good results such as you may doing like your job therefore you will not be able to achieve what you are looking for. (Dawn Rosenberg McKay) Interests: The interests mean the things that you like to do and the things that you dont like to do. Asking yourself this question will help you to see or to know what kinds of works or tasks that you like to do and enjoy working or doing them. (Dawn Rosenberg McKay) Personality: The personality is when you ask yourself about what type of person are you? Do you like thinking, feeling, jugging and perceptive? Do you like to work alone or with a team? These kinds of questions will help you to be successful in your job because you will know what kinds of jobs or tasks that suited your personality. For example if you have an introvert personality you are going to face a lot of problems if you work in a job that requires presentations or public speaking. (Dawn Rosenberg McKay) Skills: You have to look at what are you good at and what are the skills that you have to improve. This is a very important question that you have to ask yourself about in order to find a job that meets all your skills otherwise you will have face obstacles. For example if you get a job that requires using the computer as a major tool and you are not good enough to use it. (Dawn Rosenberg McKay) The most important goals of the Self Assessment are: To enhance the self awareness and confidence of your decisions To know what is your strengths and weakness (The Steps for Self Assessment) Step two: Set your development goals: there are three main reasons of why its important to write or setting you development goals. These reasons are: Setting your development goals cold help to get organized, make big decisions and realize your dreams. Setting your development goals gives you long term vision and short term motivation. This step will help you to understand the direction of your career. When you start writing your development goals you have to start with identifying your development needs. To do this you have to look at the feedback information that you have from your resources such as your manager, team leader and supervisor. Also you have to be aware of the organizations goals and directions and you have to consider the objectives of the team or group that you work with. Writing your development goals will help you to consider your short team goals (1 to 3 year) and your future or long term (3+ years). The short term goals could be much related to your current job or to a position that you are planning to get or reach. Write SMART Goals S: your goals have to be Specific so you know exactly what are you striving and looking for. M: your goals should be Measurable so you can exactly know when the goals have been reached. A: Action oriented to indicate an activity that create and produce results. R: your goals have to be Realistic and can be achieved. T: you have to consider the Time because you have to define the timeline and the availability of the resources. (Career Development Plan) Step Three: Write Your Action Steps: once you are done with writing your development goals you need some directions to follow in order to get, reach and achieve these goals. The creating of the action steps will give you a list of the most important things that you have to do and this list will help you track your progress toward your goals. The Action Step should have three main parts: ACTION: a verb that describe what action you will be taken CONTEXT: when and where will it take place? RESULTS: what will be the result of this action? (Career Development Plan) Step Four: List your Obstacles and Solutions: This step is important to make sure that your career development goals are not sidetracked. It is good to know and consider what are the problems and the obstacles which may stand as barriers in reaching your goals. Also this step will help you to identify and find possible ways to overcome these obstacles and problems. The common problems and obstacles that you may face: Limited time Lack of financial support Lack of feedback, encouragement and motivation Manager is unsupportive of development Some of the potential solutions for such obstacles are: If you cant take more training courses because of your workload, the potential solution for this would be cross training with another team member. If the budget of the trainings is limited, the potential solution for this would be choosing low cost trainings, online learning or reading a book. If your manager does not provide you with feedback, the potential solution would be looking for feedback from other sources such as mentors. (Career Development Plan) Step Five: Identify your Resources: You have to identify what resources are available to successfully achieving your career development goals. You should think about what kinds or types of resources you may need and where they come from. Resources could be anything that supports your development such as: Getting the approval on the trainings and development programs Encouragement and motivation from your manager coach or mentor Support from you manager to work on new projects and tasks Get the time to work on your development Get feedback and advice from people who are skilled on the area you are seeking to develop (Career Development Plan) Step Six: Evaluate your Progress: When you are successful in achieving and meeting your career development goals, you will be able to evaluate your progress. By setting S.M.A.R.T goals will make sure that their achievement can be evaluated. If you thing that its hard to evaluate the goals, it is probably is not meeting one of the S.M.A.R.T guidelines. You have to keep in mind that the career development plan is not a onetime activity, but you have to revises and change your career development plan annually, because your roles and responsibilities are changing you are getting more experiences every year. (Career Development Plan) THE MAIN GOALS OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLAN From my respective understanding I can say that the main goals of the career development plan of the individuals are to know where their strengths and weakness are. Also to know where they want to be or what kind of jobs they want to work on in the future. The career development plan will help them to know what are the most useful trainings and courses they should take in order to improve their self in their career. Also they will know what are the most important skills that they should gain for their current job or for the future job? But they have to be aware of the organization goals and objectives so they can align their skills and abilities with the organization objectives and interests. In this case they will be able to impr